Polonya’nın AB enerji dayanıklılığı için dayanışma çabası ve Rusya tehdidine karşı güçlenen enerji çeşitliliği

Kısaca

Polonya’nın Gdansk açıklarındaki ilk deniz üstü gas terminalinin inşaatı sürüyor; proje, Baltic bölgesinde enerji güvenliğini artırmayı hedefliyor. Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya karşı saldırılarının ardından enerji çeşitliliği ve güvenilirliği Avrupa için kritik hale geldi. AB ve Polonya için güvenlik ve maliyet etkilerini izlemek önemli; altyapı yatırımları ve tedarik hatlarının faaliyete geçmesi takip edilecek

Ana mesele

AB’nin enerji dayanıklılığını güçlendirme ile Rusya’ya karşı enerji çeşitliliğini artırma ihtiyacı

Ne değişti?

Geniş finansal ve jeopolitik bağlamda Polonya, komşu ülkelerle enerji işbirliğini derinleştirme adımları atıyor.

Beni nasıl etkiler?

Enerji güvenliği ve maliyetler açısından Avrupa’da dalgalanmalar olabilir; yatırım kararlarını etkileyebilir.

Ne oldu?

Polonya’nın Gdansk açıklarında ilk deniz üstü gaz terminali inşaatı sürüyor.

Neden şimdi?

Rusya’nın gaz arzını azaltması sonrası enerji çeşitliliği gerekli hale geldi.

Neden önemli?

AB enerji güvenliği ve maliyet istikrarı açısından kritik rol oynuyor.

Kimler etkileniyor?

• Polonya enerji şirketleri
• AB enerji güvenliğinden faydalanan ülkeler
• yerel iş gücü ve tedarik zincirleri

Sektör ve piyasa etkisi

Enerji altyapı projeleri ve tedarik zinciri etkilenir.

Riskler

• Olası inşaat gecikmeleri
• doğal afetler
• jeopolitik gerilimler

Takip edilmesi gerekenler

• Arz güvenliği ve maliyet dalgalanmaları
• yeni enerji tedarik hatlarının faaliyete geçmesi
• AB-Polonya enerji işbirliği adımları

Haberin tamamı

The construction manager Krzysztof Połatynski (left) and Gaz System’s Maciej Wawrzkowicz are involved in Poland’s first offshore gas terminal. Photograph: Anna Liminowicz/The Guardian View image in fullscreen The construction manager Krzysztof Połatynski (left) and Gaz System’s Maciej Wawrzkowicz are involved in Poland’s first offshore gas terminal. Photograph: Anna Liminowicz/The Guardian Poland Poland’s ‘solidarity’ push for EU energy resilience in face of Russian aggression In the second article in a series on the Polish economy, we look at how the country is forging closer ties with its neighbours

Richard Partington in Gdansk, Poland Wed 7 Oct 2026 06.00 CEST Share Prefer the Guardian on Google T wo miles off the coast of Gdańsk, the white steel piles of Poland’s first offshore gas terminal rise from the slate-grey Baltic. Installed at a height eight metres above the waves, the floating cranes and construction vessels here are on the frontline of Europe’s push for energy security.

Since the taps were turned off on Russian gas after Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine four years ago, Poland has turned to the global energy market for supplies. But while conditions are far from ideal as the Middle East war drives oil and gas prices to stratospheric levels, strengthening the diversity of the country’s energy mix remains a top priority for Poland, its Baltic neighbours, and the EU at large.

Looking out to sea from the windswept beach backed by pine forest, Maciej Wawrzkowicz, the offshore project manager at the national gas company Gaz-System, and the construction manager Krzysztof Polatynski say the Baltic is not an easy place to build.

Before work could start, Polish navy minesweepers were called in to torpedo unexploded mines and bombs from the second world war. Construction is halted by storms, while the sea froze over last winter. But speed is important in this project of international significance.

View image in fullscreen An onshore section of the Kolnik-Gdańsk gas pipeline. Photograph: Anna Liminowicz/The Guardian “Every quay that’s available right now in the area that has some prefabrication workshop space, a contractor is occupying them. And you are seeking for more. Gdańsk harbour is a significant construction place right now.”

Poland used to import more than half of its gas from Russia but refused to pay in rubles in 2022 as the Kremlin became a pariah in the west over Putin’s war on Ukraine. A Norwegian pipeline under the Baltic and liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminal at Świnoujście, close to the border with Germany, helped to keep most homes warm and the fires of industry burning.

At Gdańsk the construction of the floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) – a specialised marine vessel used to store and convert LNG – is planned to further bolster Poland’s booming economy . But it will also increase the country’s capacity beyond domestic needs – turning it into a hub for eastern Europe and its Baltic neighbours.

Poland has LNG regasification capacity of 8.3bn cubic metres a year. Once the FRSU is operational in early 2028, that will add 6.1bn cubic metres a year of additional capacity. A second vessel at the Gdańsk FRSU is also planned for 2030 to lift total capacity to more than 20bn cubic metres a year.

In an age of geopolitical challenges, the FSRU vessel also has a symbolic name: “Solidarity”, in a nod to its home port’s history, and Poland’s drive to strengthen EU ties in the face of Russian aggression.

In the 1980s, as the Soviet Union crumbled, strikes at Lenin shipyard in Gdańsk over communist rule launched Poland’s Solidarność (Solidarity) movement. Led by Lech Wałęsa, it paved the way for independence and the transition to a free-market economy. Living standards have shot up since, from 40% of the EU average in the mid-1990s to 81% last year.

Agnieszka Ozga, the director of the energy transition division, and her deputy, Paweł Sęk, say Poland has been working to diversify energy supplies for decades, with the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia accelerating the process. But 2022 was a “gamechanger,” says Sęk.

“After the war started, we knew what was going on and we knew many countries in our region would end up with no gas flows coming from Russia”.

Since then the Gdańsk FSRU has grown in importance, says Ozga. “Not only for Poland. But also Slovakia; central and eastern Europe countries; the Baltic states. It is also very, very important for the European Commission: to end the isolation of the Baltic states, because they were fully dependent on inflows of gas from Russia.”

View image in fullscreen Dredging work connected with Gaz-System’s offshore project in the Gulf of Gdańsk. Photograph: Anna Liminowicz/The Guardian However, there is also plenty of evidence in Gdańsk highlighting the energy challenges Poland must still confront.

On the edges of the old town’s narrow cobbled streets, the red and white-banded chimney stacks of a Soviet-era coal-fired power plant belch out thick plumes of smoke. Tourist boats ferrying visitors to the Westerplatte peninsula – where the first shots of the second world war were fired – must also pass through the jet-black mountains of a coal dock.

Coal accounts for more than half of electricity generation in Poland, significantly above the EU average. The legacy of Soviet fossil-fuel infrastructure and centuries of domestic production in this resource-rich country mean it remains key for the economy.

More than 80,000 people still work in coalmines , mainly in the south around the industrial city of Katowice – once called Stalinogród – as one of the few remaining coalmining regions still digging among EU countries fully committed to decarbonisation.

However, cutting out coal in favour of LNG, renewables and nuclear power is seen as critical for Poland’s future sovereignty and prosperity.

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Kaynaklar

• The Guardian - Economics